_Policy complexity_

AI regulation is a major policy issue which no single stakeholder, organisation, or country can address in isolation - a multi-layered approach toward laws, standards, and best practices is required ([Weissinger, 2022](https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/41989/chapter-abstract/355438981?redirectedFrom=fulltext)). Global AI governance would benefit from a ‘regime complex’ to advance: authoritative knowledge on the state of AI science; common standards and harmonization of AI regulations; equitable access and benefit sharing; plus promoting collective security. ([Klein & Patrick, 2024](https://carnegieendowment.org/2024/03/21/envisioning-global-regime-complex-to-govern-artificial-intelligence-pub-92022)).

_Policy uncertainty_

Yet uncertainty prevails about policy mechanisms that could fully encompass - and address - diverse jurisdictional, organisational, and stakeholder interests. For instance, the extent to which existing regulations (such as consumer, competition, privacy and anti-discrimination laws) are adequate, or require amendment or extension - must be fully considered prior to designing specific AI-regulations ([King, 2024](https://www.pc.gov.au/media-speeches/articles/ai-regulation)).

_Policymaking possibilities_

The combined efforts of sovereign states, intergovernmental organizations, and nonstate actors can shape multidimensional governance possibilities ([Klein & Patrick, 2024](https://carnegieendowment.org/2024/03/21/envisioning-global-regime-complex-to-govern-artificial-intelligence-pub-92022)). In Australia, principles to guide governance possibilities include: a risk-based approach; being balanced and proportionate - as well as collaborative, transparent and a trusted international partner; plus, community first and ensuring that “AI is designed, developed and deployed to consider the needs, abilities and social context of people” ([Department of Industry, Science and Resources, 2024, p.19](https://storage.googleapis.com/converlens-au-industry/industry/p/prj2452c8e24d7a400c72429/public_assets/safe-and-responsible-ai-in-australia-governments-interim-response.pdf)).

ai-regulation

AI Regulation

Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 4.0

spotify-ai_regulation

International Digital Policy Observatory (IDPO) is a publicly accessible, real-time database with enhanced analytical tools that tracks developments in digital, internet, and emerging technology regulation across multiple countries. 

IDPO

Spotify-AI_Regulation

International Digital Policy Observatory

Spotify-AI-Regulation.csv